![]() All of these effects are thoroughly discussed for the different kinds of fuels to be used in modern nuclear reactors today or in the future. such as densification or U: Pu segregation. ![]() Furthermore, the high temperature gradient in a fuel element also produces alterations of the initial fuel. Properties like thermal conductivity, swelling, creep, and oxygen-to-metal ratio are strongly affected by the intense neutron field and the energetic fission products. ![]() The usefullifetime of a fuel element in a nuclear reactor depends strongly on the change of its chemical and physical properties during irradiation. The present volume A4 of the "Uranium" series of the Gmelin Handbook deals with two very important technological aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle: - the behavior of fuel elements during burnup in a nuclear reactor, and - the reprocessing of spent fuel to recover the non-fissioned uranium and newly created materials.
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